diff --git a/build.zig b/build.zig
index 5cc7d1a..2ec1a56 100644
--- a/build.zig
+++ b/build.zig
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 const Builder = @import("std").build.Builder;
+const Target = @import("std").Target;
+const CrossTarget = @import("std").zig.CrossTarget;
+const Feature = @import("std").Target.Cpu.Feature;
 const builtin = @import("builtin");
 const std = @import("std");
 
@@ -6,6 +9,7 @@ pub fn build(b: *Builder) void {
     const kernel = b.addExecutable("kernel", "src/main.zig");
     kernel.addPackagePath("kernel", "src/index.zig");
     kernel.addPackagePath("x86", "src/arch/x86/index.zig");
+
     kernel.setOutputDir("build");
 
     kernel.addAssemblyFile("src/arch/x86/start.s");
@@ -14,18 +18,28 @@ pub fn build(b: *Builder) void {
     kernel.addAssemblyFile("src/arch/x86/paging.s");
     kernel.addAssemblyFile("src/arch/x86/switch_tasks.s");
 
+    // const features = Target.x86.Feature;
+
+    // var disabled_features = Feature.Set.empty;
+    // var enabled_features = Feature.Set.empty;
+
+    // disabled_features.addFeature(@enumToInt(features.mmx));
+    // disabled_features.addFeature(@enumToInt(features.sse));
+    // disabled_features.addFeature(@enumToInt(features.sse2));
+    // disabled_features.addFeature(@enumToInt(features.avx));
+    // disabled_features.addFeature(@enumToInt(features.avx2));
+    // enabled_features.addFeature(@enumToInt(features.soft_float));
+
+    const target = CrossTarget{
+        .cpu_arch = Target.Cpu.Arch.i386,
+        .os_tag = Target.Os.Tag.freestanding,
+        .abi = Target.Abi.none,
+        // .cpu_features_sub = disabled_features,
+        // .cpu_features_add = enabled_features
+    };
+
+    kernel.setTarget(target);
     kernel.setBuildMode(b.standardReleaseOptions());
-    kernel.setTheTarget(std.Target{
-        .Cross = std.Target.Cross{
-            .arch = std.Target.Arch.i386,
-            .os = std.Target.Os.freestanding,
-            .abi = std.Target.Abi.none,
-            .cpu_features = std.Target.CpuFeatures.initFromCpu(
-                builtin.Arch.i386,
-                &builtin.Target.x86.cpu._i686,
-            ),
-        },
-    });
-    kernel.setLinkerScriptPath("src/arch/x86/linker.ld");
+    kernel.setLinkerScriptPath(.{ .path = "src/arch/x86/linker.ld" });
     b.default_step.dependOn(&kernel.step);
 }
diff --git a/src/arch/x86/idt.zig b/src/arch/x86/idt.zig
index e644040..c3229d2 100644
--- a/src/arch/x86/idt.zig
+++ b/src/arch/x86/idt.zig
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // https://wiki.osdev.org/IDT
-// usingnamespace @import("kernel");
-// usingnamespace @import("x86");
-usingnamespace @import("index.zig");
+
+const kernel = @import("kernel");
+const x86 = @import("x86");
 
 // Types of gates.
 pub const INTERRUPT_GATE = 0x8E;
@@ -38,51 +38,52 @@ const IDTRegister = packed struct {
 //     flags: Type and attributes.
 //     offset: Address of the ISR.
 //
-pub fn setGate(n: u8, flags: u8, offset: extern fn () void) void {
-    const intOffset = @ptrToInt(offset);
+pub fn setGate(n: u8, flags: u8, offset: anytype) void {
+    const intOffset = @ptrToInt(&offset);
+    // const intOffset = offset;
 
     idt_table[n].offset_low = @truncate(u16, intOffset);
     idt_table[n].offset_high = @truncate(u16, intOffset >> 16);
     idt_table[n].flags = flags;
     idt_table[n].zero = 0;
-    idt_table[n].selector = gdt.KERNEL_CODE;
+    idt_table[n].selector = x86.gdt.KERNEL_CODE;
 }
 
 // Initialize the Interrupt Descriptor Table.
 pub fn initialize() void {
     // configure PIC
-    interrupt.remapPIC();
-    interrupt.configPIT();
+    x86.interrupt.remapPIC();
+    x86.interrupt.configPIT();
     // install ISRs
-    isr.install_exceptions();
-    isr.install_irqs();
-    isr.install_syscalls();
-    interrupt.registerIRQ(0, kernel.time.increment);
-    interrupt.registerIRQ(1, kernel.ps2.keyboard_handler);
-    interrupt.register(1, debug_trap);
-    interrupt.register(13, general_protection_fault);
-    interrupt.register(14, page_fault);
+    x86.isr.install_exceptions();
+    x86.isr.install_irqs();
+    x86.isr.install_syscalls();
+    x86.interrupt.registerIRQ(0, kernel.time.increment);
+    x86.interrupt.registerIRQ(1, kernel.ps2.keyboard_handler);
+    x86.interrupt.register(1, debug_trap);
+    x86.interrupt.register(13, general_protection_fault);
+    x86.interrupt.register(14, page_fault);
 
     // load IDT
-    lidt(@ptrToInt(&idtr));
+    x86.instr.lidt(@ptrToInt(&idtr));
 }
 
 fn general_protection_fault() void {
     kernel.println("general protection fault", .{});
-    hang();
+    x86.instr.hang();
 }
 
 fn debug_trap() void {
     kernel.println("debug fault/trap", .{});
-    kernel.println("dr7: 0b{b}", .{dr7()});
+    kernel.println("dr7: 0b{b}", .{x86.instr.dr7()});
 }
 
 fn page_fault() void {
-    const vaddr = cr2();
+    const vaddr = x86.instr.cr2();
     kernel.println("cr2: 0x{x}", .{vaddr});
-    kernel.println("phy: 0x{x}", .{paging.translate(vaddr)});
-    kernel.println("pde: 0x{x} ({})", .{ paging.pde(vaddr), vaddr >> 22 });
-    kernel.println("pte: 0x{x} ({})", .{ paging.pte(vaddr), vaddr >> 12 });
+    kernel.println("phy: 0x{x}", .{kernel.paging.translate(vaddr)});
+    kernel.println("pde: 0x{x} ({})", .{ kernel.paging.pde(vaddr), vaddr >> 22 });
+    kernel.println("pte: 0x{x} ({})", .{ kernel.paging.pte(vaddr), vaddr >> 12 });
     // paging.format();
-    hang();
+    x86.instr.hang();
 }
diff --git a/src/arch/x86/index.zig b/src/arch/x86/index.zig
index 73048a5..df9cbf5 100644
--- a/src/arch/x86/index.zig
+++ b/src/arch/x86/index.zig
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ pub const kernel = @import("../../index.zig");
 
 // x86 namespace
 pub const PAGE_SIZE: usize = 4096;
-pub usingnamespace @import("lib/io.zig");
-pub usingnamespace @import("lib/instructions.zig");
+pub const io = @import("lib/io.zig");
+pub const instr = @import("lib/instructions.zig");
 pub usingnamespace @import("main.zig");
 pub const pmem = @import("pmem.zig");
 pub const paging = @import("paging.zig");
diff --git a/src/arch/x86/interrupt.zig b/src/arch/x86/interrupt.zig
index 2515970..680a002 100644
--- a/src/arch/x86/interrupt.zig
+++ b/src/arch/x86/interrupt.zig
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-usingnamespace @import("index.zig");
+const std = @import("std");
+const kernel = @import("kernel");
+const x86 = @import("x86");
 
 // PIC ports.
 const PIC1_CMD = 0x20;
@@ -28,37 +30,37 @@ const IRQ_15 = IRQ_0 + 15;
 // Interrupt Vector offsets of syscalls.
 const SYSCALL = 128;
 
-// Registered interrupt handlers. (see isr.s)
+// Registered interrupt handlers. (see x86.isr.s)
 var handlers = [_]fn () void{unhandled} ** 48;
-// Registered IRQ subscribers. (see isr.s)
+// Registered IRQ subscribers. (see x86.isr.s)
 // var irq_subscribers = []MailboxId{MailboxId.Kernel} ** 16;
 
 fn unhandled() noreturn {
-    const n = isr.context.interrupt_n;
-    kernel.print("unhandled interrupt number {d}", .{n});
-    if (n < IRQ_0) kernel.println(" (exception)", .{});
-    if (n >= IRQ_0) kernel.println(" (IRQ number {d})", .{n - IRQ_0});
-    hang();
+    const n = x86.isr.context.interrupt_n;
+    kernel.vga.print("unhandled interrupt number {d}", .{n});
+    if (n < IRQ_0) kernel.vga.println(" (exception)", .{});
+    if (n >= IRQ_0) kernel.vga.println(" (IRQ number {d})", .{n - IRQ_0});
+    x86.instr.hang();
 }
 
 inline fn picwait() void {
-    outb(WAIT_PORT, 0);
+    x86.io.outb(WAIT_PORT, 0);
 }
 
 ////
 // Call the correct handler based on the interrupt number.
 //
 export fn interruptDispatch() void {
-    const n = @intCast(u8, isr.context.interrupt_n);
+    const n = @intCast(u8, x86.isr.context.interrupt_n);
 
     switch (n) {
         // Exceptions.
         EXCEPTION_0...EXCEPTION_31 => {
-            kernel.println("", .{});
-            kernel.println("num: {}", .{n});
-            kernel.println("err: {}", .{@truncate(u8, isr.context.error_code)});
-            kernel.println("ip:  0x{x}", .{@truncate(u16, isr.context.eip)});
-            kernel.println("ip:  0x{x}", .{@truncate(u16, isr.context.eip >> 16)});
+            kernel.vga.println("", .{});
+            kernel.vga.println("num: {}", .{n});
+            kernel.vga.println("err: {}", .{@truncate(u8, x86.isr.context.error_code)});
+            kernel.vga.println("ip:  0x{x}", .{@truncate(u16, x86.isr.context.eip)});
+            kernel.vga.println("ip:  0x{x}", .{@truncate(u16, x86.isr.context.eip >> 16)});
             return handlers[n]();
         },
 
@@ -74,7 +76,7 @@ export fn interruptDispatch() void {
 
         // Syscalls.
         // SYSCALL => {
-        //     const syscall_n = isr.context.registers.eax;
+        //     const syscall_n = x86.isr.context.registers.eax;
         //     if (syscall_n < syscall.handlers.len) {
         //         syscall.handlers[syscall_n]();
         //     } else {
@@ -98,8 +100,8 @@ inline fn spuriousIRQ(irq: u8) bool {
     // TODO: handle spurious IRQ15.
 
     // Read the value of the In-Service Register.
-    outb(PIC1_CMD, ISR_READ);
-    const in_service = inb(PIC1_CMD);
+    x86.io.outb(PIC1_CMD, ISR_READ);
+    const in_service = x86.io.inb(PIC1_CMD);
 
     // Verify whether IRQ7 is set in the ISR.
     return (in_service & (1 << 7)) == 0;
@@ -109,11 +111,11 @@ inline fn startOfInterrupt(irq: u8) void {
     // mask the irq and then ACK
     if (irq >= 8) {
         maskIRQ(irq, true);
-        outb(PIC1_CMD, ACK);
-        outb(PIC2_CMD, ACK);
+        x86.io.outb(PIC1_CMD, ACK);
+        x86.io.outb(PIC2_CMD, ACK);
     } else {
         maskIRQ(irq, true);
-        outb(PIC1_CMD, ACK);
+        x86.io.outb(PIC1_CMD, ACK);
     }
 }
 
@@ -121,10 +123,10 @@ inline fn endOfInterrupt(irq: u8) void {
     // unmask the irq and then ACK
     if (irq >= 8) {
         maskIRQ(irq, false);
-        outb(PIC2_CMD, ACK);
+        x86.io.outb(PIC2_CMD, ACK);
     } else {
         maskIRQ(irq, false);
-        outb(PIC1_CMD, ACK);
+        x86.io.outb(PIC1_CMD, ACK);
     }
 }
 
@@ -139,33 +141,33 @@ pub fn registerIRQ(irq: u8, handler: fn () void) void {
 
 pub fn remapPIC() void {
     // ICW1: start initialization sequence.
-    outb(PIC1_CMD, ICW1_INIT | ICW1_ICW4);
+    x86.io.outb(PIC1_CMD, ICW1_INIT | ICW1_ICW4);
     picwait();
-    outb(PIC2_CMD, ICW1_INIT | ICW1_ICW4);
+    x86.io.outb(PIC2_CMD, ICW1_INIT | ICW1_ICW4);
     picwait();
 
     // ICW2: Interrupt Vector offsets of IRQs.
-    outb(PIC1_DATA, IRQ_0); // IRQ 0..7  -> Interrupt 32..39
+    x86.io.outb(PIC1_DATA, IRQ_0); // IRQ 0..7  -> Interrupt 32..39
     picwait();
-    outb(PIC2_DATA, IRQ_0 + 8); // IRQ 8..15 -> Interrupt 40..47
+    x86.io.outb(PIC2_DATA, IRQ_0 + 8); // IRQ 8..15 -> Interrupt 40..47
     picwait();
 
     // ICW3: IRQ line 2 to connect master to slave PIC.
-    outb(PIC1_DATA, 1 << 2);
+    x86.io.outb(PIC1_DATA, 1 << 2);
     picwait();
-    outb(PIC2_DATA, 2);
+    x86.io.outb(PIC2_DATA, 2);
     picwait();
 
     // ICW4: 80x86 mode.
-    outb(PIC1_DATA, ICW4_8086);
+    x86.io.outb(PIC1_DATA, ICW4_8086);
     picwait();
-    outb(PIC2_DATA, ICW4_8086);
+    x86.io.outb(PIC2_DATA, ICW4_8086);
     picwait();
 
     // Mask all IRQs.
-    outb(PIC1_DATA, 0xFF);
+    x86.io.outb(PIC1_DATA, 0xFF);
     picwait();
-    outb(PIC2_DATA, 0xFF);
+    x86.io.outb(PIC2_DATA, 0xFF);
     picwait();
 }
 
@@ -173,15 +175,16 @@ pub fn maskIRQ(irq: u8, comptime mask: bool) void {
     if (irq > 15) return;
     // Figure out if master or slave PIC owns the IRQ.
     const port = @as(u16, if (irq < 8) PIC1_DATA else PIC2_DATA);
-    const old = inb(port); // Retrieve the current mask.
+    const old = x86.io.inb(port); // Retrieve the current mask.
 
     // Mask or unmask the interrupt.
     const shift = @truncate(u3, irq % 8);
     // const shift = @truncate(u3, if (irq < 8) irq else irq - 8);
     const bit = @as(u8, 1) << shift;
-    if (mask) outb(port, old | bit);
-    if (!mask) outb(port, old & ~bit);
-    const new = inb(port); // Retrieve the current mask.
+    if (mask) x86.io.outb(port, old | bit);
+    if (!mask) x86.io.outb(port, old & ~bit);
+    // TODO uncomment
+    // const new = x86.io.inb(port); // Retrieve the current mask.
 }
 
 // configures the chan0 with a rate generator, which will trigger irq0
@@ -189,10 +192,11 @@ pub const divisor = 2685;
 pub const tick = 2251; // f = 1.193182 MHz, TODO: turn into a function
 pub fn configPIT() void {
     const chanNum = 0;
-    const chan = PIT_CHAN0;
+    // const chan = PIT_CHAN0;
     const LOHI = 0b11; // bit4 | bit5
     const PITMODE_RATE_GEN = 0x2;
-    outb(PIT_CMD, chanNum << 6 | LOHI << 4 | PITMODE_RATE_GEN << 1);
-    outb(PIT_CHAN0, divisor & 0xff);
-    outb(PIT_CHAN0, divisor >> 8);
+
+    x86.io.outb(PIT_CMD, chanNum << 6 | LOHI << 4 | PITMODE_RATE_GEN << 1);
+    x86.io.outb(PIT_CHAN0, divisor & 0xff);
+    x86.io.outb(PIT_CHAN0, divisor >> 8);
 }
diff --git a/src/arch/x86/isr.zig b/src/arch/x86/isr.zig
index d2df8b6..1036dd2 100644
--- a/src/arch/x86/isr.zig
+++ b/src/arch/x86/isr.zig
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-usingnamespace @import("index.zig");
+const idt = @import("idt.zig");
 
 // Interrupt Service Routines defined externally in assembly.
 extern fn isr0() void;
@@ -65,9 +65,9 @@ pub const Context = packed struct {
     esp: u32,
     ss: u32,
 
-    pub inline fn setReturnValue(self: *volatile Context, value: var) void {
-        self.registers.eax = if (@TypeOf(value) == bool) @boolToInt(value) else @intCast(u32, value);
-    }
+    // pub inline fn setReturnValue(self: *volatile Context, value: var) void {
+    //     self.registers.eax = if (@TypeOf(value) == bool) @boolToInt(value) else @intCast(u32, value);
+    // }
 };
 
 // Structure holding general purpose registers as saved by PUSHA.
diff --git a/src/arch/x86/lib/instructions.zig b/src/arch/x86/lib/instructions.zig
index 1a638f5..97cc125 100644
--- a/src/arch/x86/lib/instructions.zig
+++ b/src/arch/x86/lib/instructions.zig
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 pub inline fn ltr(desc: u16) void {
     asm volatile ("ltr %[desc]"
         :
-        : [desc] "r" (desc)
+        : [desc] "r" (desc),
     );
 }
 
@@ -30,18 +30,18 @@ pub inline fn int3() void {
 pub inline fn lidt(idtr: usize) void {
     asm volatile ("lidt (%[idtr])"
         :
-        : [idtr] "r" (idtr)
+        : [idtr] "r" (idtr),
     );
 }
 
 pub fn cr2() usize {
     return asm volatile ("movl %%cr2, %[result]"
-        : [result] "=r" (-> usize)
+        : [result] "=r" (-> usize),
     );
 }
 
 pub fn dr7() usize {
     return asm volatile ("movl %%dr7, %[result]"
-        : [result] "=r" (-> usize)
+        : [result] "=r" (-> usize),
     );
 }
diff --git a/src/arch/x86/lib/io.zig b/src/arch/x86/lib/io.zig
index a6283b4..45de365 100644
--- a/src/arch/x86/lib/io.zig
+++ b/src/arch/x86/lib/io.zig
@@ -2,32 +2,32 @@ usingnamespace @import("../index.zig");
 
 pub inline fn inb(port: u16) u8 {
     return asm volatile ("inb %[port], %[result]"
-        : [result] "={al}" (-> u8)
-        : [port] "N{dx}" (port)
+        : [result] "={al}" (-> u8),
+        : [port] "N{dx}" (port),
     );
 }
 
 pub inline fn inw(port: u16) u16 {
     return asm volatile ("inw %[port], %[result]"
-        : [result] "={ax}" (-> u16)
-        : [port] "N{dx}" (port)
+        : [result] "={ax}" (-> u16),
+        : [port] "N{dx}" (port),
     );
 }
 
 pub inline fn inl(port: u16) u32 {
     return asm volatile ("inl %[port], %[result]"
-        : [result] "={eax}" (-> u32)
-        : [port] "N{dx}" (port)
+        : [result] "={eax}" (-> u32),
+        : [port] "N{dx}" (port),
     );
 }
 
-pub inline fn insl(port: u16, addr: var, cnt: usize) void {
+pub inline fn insl(port: u16, addr: anytype, cnt: usize) void {
     asm volatile ("cld; repne; insl;"
         : [addr] "={edi}" (addr),
-          [cnt] "={ecx}" (cnt)
+          [cnt] "={ecx}" (cnt),
         : [port] "{dx}" (port),
           [addr] "0" (addr),
-          [cnt] "1" (cnt)
+          [cnt] "1" (cnt),
         : "memory", "cc"
     );
 }
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ pub inline fn outb(port: u16, value: u8) void {
     asm volatile ("outb %[value], %[port]"
         :
         : [value] "{al}" (value),
-          [port] "N{dx}" (port)
+          [port] "N{dx}" (port),
     );
 }
 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ pub inline fn outw(port: u16, value: u16) void {
     asm volatile ("outw %[value], %[port]"
         :
         : [value] "{ax}" (value),
-          [port] "N{dx}" (port)
+          [port] "N{dx}" (port),
     );
 }
 
@@ -52,6 +52,6 @@ pub inline fn outl(port: u16, value: u32) void {
     asm volatile ("outl %[value], %[port]"
         :
         : [value] "{eax}" (value),
-          [port] "N{dx}" (port)
+          [port] "N{dx}" (port),
     );
 }
diff --git a/src/arch/x86/main.zig b/src/arch/x86/main.zig
index 09b1fb4..d72461d 100644
--- a/src/arch/x86/main.zig
+++ b/src/arch/x86/main.zig
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-usingnamespace @import("index.zig");
+const std = @import("std");
+const kernel = @import("kernel");
+const x86 = @import("x86");
 
 /// x86 specific intialization
 pub fn x86_main(info: *const kernel.multiboot.MultibootInfo) void {
-    gdt.initialize();
-    idt.initialize();
-    pmem.initialize(info);
-    paging.initialize();
-    sti();
+    x86.gdt.initialize();
+    x86.idt.initialize();
+    x86.pmem.initialize(info);
+    x86.paging.initialize();
+    x86.instr.sti();
 }
diff --git a/src/arch/x86/paging.zig b/src/arch/x86/paging.zig
index aefc4fc..2a5e5d2 100644
--- a/src/arch/x86/paging.zig
+++ b/src/arch/x86/paging.zig
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-usingnamespace @import("index.zig");
+const std = @import("std");
+const kernel = @import("kernel");
+const x86 = @import("x86");
 
 extern fn setupPaging(phys_pd: usize) void;
 
@@ -17,7 +19,7 @@ pub var pageDirectory: [1024]PageEntry align(4096) linksection(".bss") = [_]Page
 
 // TODO: inline these
 fn pageBase(virt: usize) usize {
-    return virt & (~PAGE_SIZE +% 1);
+    return virt & (~x86.PAGE_SIZE +% 1);
 }
 pub fn pde(virt: usize) *PageEntry {
     return &PD[virt >> 22]; //relies on recursive mapping
@@ -34,18 +36,18 @@ pub fn translate(virt: usize) ?usize {
 
 pub fn unmap(virt: usize) void {
     if (translate(virt)) |phys| {
-        pmem.free(phys);
+        x86.pmem.free(phys);
     } else {
-        kernel.println("can't unmap 0x{x} because it is not mapped.", .{virt});
+        kernel.vga.println("can't unmap 0x{x} because it is not mapped.", .{virt});
     }
 }
 
 pub fn mmap(virt: usize, phys: ?usize) !void {
     //TODO: support hugepages
     // allocate a page directory if there is none
-    if (pde(virt).* == 0) pde(virt).* = (try pmem.allocate()) | WRITE | PRESENT;
+    if (pde(virt).* == 0) pde(virt).* = (try x86.pmem.allocate()) | WRITE | PRESENT;
     // allocate a frame if phys isn't specified
-    pte(virt).* = (if (phys) |p| p else try pmem.allocate()) | PRESENT;
+    pte(virt).* = (if (phys) |p| p else try x86.pmem.allocate()) | PRESENT;
 }
 
 pub fn initialize() void {
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ pub fn initialize() void {
     p2[1023] = @ptrToInt(&p2[0]) | PRESENT | WRITE;
 
     // TODO: verify is this a hack?
-    assert(pmem.stack_end < kernel.layout.IDENTITY);
+    std.debug.assert(x86.pmem.stack_end < kernel.layout.IDENTITY);
 
     setupPaging(@ptrToInt(&pageDirectory[0])); //asm routine
 }
@@ -67,12 +69,12 @@ pub fn format() void {
     i = 0;
     while (i < 1024) : (i += 1) {
         if (PD[i] == 0) continue;
-        kernel.println("p2[{}] -> 0x{x}", .{ i, PD[i] });
+        kernel.vga.println("p2[{}] -> 0x{x}", .{ i, PD[i] });
         if (PD[i] & HUGE != 0) continue;
         var j: usize = 0;
         while (j < 1024) : (j += 1) {
             var entry: PageEntry = PT[i * 1024 + j];
-            if (entry != 0) kernel.println("p2[{}]p1[{}] -> 0x{x}", .{ i, j, entry });
+            if (entry != 0) kernel.vga.println("p2[{}]p1[{}] -> 0x{x}", .{ i, j, entry });
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/arch/x86/pmem.zig b/src/arch/x86/pmem.zig
index 40f46e7..29eba2c 100644
--- a/src/arch/x86/pmem.zig
+++ b/src/arch/x86/pmem.zig
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-usingnamespace @import("index.zig");
+const std = @import("std");
+const kernel = @import("kernel");
+const x86 = @import("x86");
 
 var stack: [*]usize = undefined; // Stack of free physical page.
 var stack_index: usize = 0; // Index into the stack.
@@ -11,13 +13,13 @@ pub inline fn pageAlign(address: u32) u32 {
     // 4095 -> 4096
     // 4096 -> 4096
     // 4097 -> 8192
-    return (address + PAGE_SIZE - 1) & (~PAGE_SIZE +% 1);
+    return (address + x86.PAGE_SIZE - 1) & (~x86.PAGE_SIZE +% 1);
 }
 
 // Return the amount of variable elements (in bytes).
 //
 pub fn available() usize {
-    return stack_index * PAGE_SIZE;
+    return stack_index * x86.PAGE_SIZE;
 }
 
 pub inline fn available_MiB() usize {
@@ -52,8 +54,8 @@ pub fn free(address: usize) void {
 //
 pub fn initialize(info: *const kernel.multiboot.MultibootInfo) void {
     // Ensure the bootloader has given us the memory map.
-    assert((info.flags & kernel.multiboot.MULTIBOOT_INFO_MEMORY) != 0);
-    assert((info.flags & kernel.multiboot.MULTIBOOT_INFO_MEM_MAP) != 0);
+    std.debug.assert((info.flags & kernel.multiboot.MULTIBOOT_INFO_MEMORY) != 0);
+    std.debug.assert((info.flags & kernel.multiboot.MULTIBOOT_INFO_MEM_MAP) != 0);
 
     // TODO: WHAT WHY WHAAAAT, must check back here later
     // Place stack at 0x200000 so that in the future I trigger a
@@ -64,7 +66,7 @@ pub fn initialize(info: *const kernel.multiboot.MultibootInfo) void {
     // stack = @intToPtr([*]usize, pageAlign(info.mods_addr));
 
     // Calculate the approximate size of the stack based on the amount of total upper memory.
-    stack_size = ((info.mem_upper * 1024) / PAGE_SIZE) * @sizeOf(usize);
+    stack_size = ((info.mem_upper * 1024) / x86.PAGE_SIZE) * @sizeOf(usize);
     stack_end = pageAlign(@ptrToInt(stack) + stack_size);
 
     var map: usize = info.mmap_addr;
@@ -78,17 +80,16 @@ pub fn initialize(info: *const kernel.multiboot.MultibootInfo) void {
         start = if (start >= stack_end) start else stack_end;
 
         // Flag all the pages in this memory area as free.
-        if (entry.type == kernel.multiboot.MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_AVAILABLE) while (start < end) : (start += PAGE_SIZE)
+        if (entry.type == kernel.multiboot.MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_AVAILABLE) while (start < end) : (start += x86.PAGE_SIZE)
             free(start);
 
         // Go to the next entry in the memory map.
         map += entry.size + @sizeOf(@TypeOf(entry.size));
     }
 
-    const a = available();
-    kernel.println("available memory: {d} MiB ", .{available() / 1024 / 1024});
+    kernel.vga.println("available memory: {d} MiB ", .{available() / 1024 / 1024});
 }
 
 pub fn format() void {
-    kernel.println("physframes left: {d} ({d} MiB)", .{ stack_index, available_MiB() });
+    kernel.vga.println("physframes left: {d} ({d} MiB)", .{ stack_index, available_MiB() });
 }
diff --git a/src/delta_queue.zig b/src/delta_queue.zig
index f19a924..763b409 100644
--- a/src/delta_queue.zig
+++ b/src/delta_queue.zig
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 const std = @import("std");
+const Allocator = std.mem.Allocator;
 
 /// DeltaQueue is a singly-linked list where each
 /// node has a counter. Each counter is relative
diff --git a/src/index.zig b/src/index.zig
index 9430853..c9bf802 100644
--- a/src/index.zig
+++ b/src/index.zig
@@ -1,24 +1,25 @@
-pub usingnamespace @import("common.zig");
-pub usingnamespace @import("delta_queue.zig");
-pub usingnamespace @import("ring_buffer.zig");
-pub usingnamespace @import("vga.zig");
+// pub usingnamespace @import("common.zig");
+// pub usingnamespace @import("delta_queue.zig");
+// pub usingnamespace @import("ring_buffer.zig");
 
-///drivers
-pub const driver = @import("driver/index.zig");
+pub const vga = @import("vga.zig");
 
-///arch
+//drivers
+// pub const driver = @import("driver/index.zig");
+
+//arch
 pub const x86 = @import("arch/x86/index.zig");
 
-///core
+//core
 pub const constants = @import("constants.zig");
 pub const layout = @import("layout.zig");
 pub const multiboot = @import("multiboot.zig");
 pub const vmem = @import("vmem.zig");
-pub const task = @import("task.zig");
+// pub const task = @import("task.zig");
 pub const time = @import("time.zig");
 
-///extra
-pub const console = @import("console.zig");
-pub const bio = @import("bio.zig");
-pub const pci = @import("pci/pci.zig");
-pub const ps2 = @import("ps2.zig");
+//extra
+// pub const console = @import("console.zig");
+// pub const bio = @import("bio.zig");
+// pub const pci = @import("pci/pci.zig");
+// pub const ps2 = @import("ps2.zig");
diff --git a/src/main.zig b/src/main.zig
index 4e0bf91..c155009 100644
--- a/src/main.zig
+++ b/src/main.zig
@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
-usingnamespace @import("kernel");
+const std = @import("std");
+const builtin = std.builtin;
+const kernel = @import("index.zig");
 
 // Place the header at the very beginning of the binary.
 export const multiboot_header align(4) linksection(".multiboot") = multiboot: {
     const MAGIC = @as(u32, 0x1BADB002); // multiboot magic
     const ALIGN = @as(u32, 1 << 0); // Align loaded modules at 4k
     const MEMINFO = @as(u32, 1 << 1); // Receive a memory map from the bootloader.
-    const ADDR = @as(u32, 1 << 16); // Load specific addr
+    // const ADDR = @as(u32, 1 << 16); // Load specific addr
     const FLAGS = ALIGN | MEMINFO; // Combine the flags.
 
-    break :multiboot multiboot.MultibootHeader{
+    break :multiboot kernel.multiboot.MultibootHeader{
         .magic = MAGIC,
         .flags = FLAGS,
         .checksum = ~(MAGIC +% FLAGS) +% 1,
@@ -16,32 +18,32 @@ export const multiboot_header align(4) linksection(".multiboot") = multiboot: {
 };
 
 // arch independant initialization
-export fn kmain(magic: u32, info: *const multiboot.MultibootInfo) noreturn {
-    assert(magic == multiboot.MULTIBOOT_BOOTLOADER_MAGIC);
-    clear();
-    println("--- x86 initialization ---", .{});
-    x86.x86_main(info);
-    println("--- core initialization ---", .{});
-    vmem.init();
-    pci.scan();
-    println("--- finished booting --- ", .{});
+export fn kmain(magic: u32, info: *const kernel.multiboot.MultibootInfo) noreturn {
+    std.debug.assert(magic == kernel.multiboot.MULTIBOOT_BOOTLOADER_MAGIC);
+    kernel.vga.clear();
+    kernel.vga.println("--- x86 initialization ---", .{});
+    kernel.x86.x86_main(info);
+    kernel.vga.println("--- core initialization ---", .{});
+    kernel.vmem.init();
+    kernel.pci.scan();
+    kernel.vga.println("--- finished booting --- ", .{});
 
-    task.cleaner_task = task.new(@ptrToInt(task.cleaner_loop)) catch unreachable;
-    _ = task.new(@ptrToInt(topbar)) catch unreachable;
-    _ = task.new(@ptrToInt(console.loop)) catch unreachable;
+    // kernel.task.cleaner_task = kernel.task.new(@ptrToInt(kernel.task.cleaner_loop)) catch unreachable;
+    // _ = kernel.task.new(@ptrToInt(kernel.vga.topbar)) catch unreachable;
+    // _ = kernel.task.new(@ptrToInt(kernel.console.loop)) catch unreachable;
 
-    var buf = vmem.allocator.create([512]u8) catch unreachable;
-    println("buf at 0x{x}", .{@ptrToInt(buf)});
-    driver.ide.first_ide_drive.read(2, buf);
+    // var buf = kernel.vmem.allocator.create([512]u8) catch unreachable;
+    // kernel.vga.println("buf at 0x{x}", .{@ptrToInt(buf)});
+    // kernel.driver.ide.first_ide_drive.read(2, buf);
 
-    const sig = buf[56..58];
-    println("sig: {x}", .{sig});
+    // const sig = buf[56..58];
+    // kernel.vga.println("sig: {x}", .{sig});
 
-    task.terminate();
+    // kernel.task.terminate();
 }
 
-pub fn panic(a: []const u8, b: ?*builtin.StackTrace) noreturn {
-    println("{}", .{a});
-    println("{}", .{b});
-    while (true) asm volatile ("hlt");
-}
+// pub fn panic(a: []const u8, b: ?*builtin.StackTrace) noreturn {
+//     kernel.vga.println("{}", .{a});
+//     kernel.vga.println("{}", .{b});
+//     while (true) asm volatile ("hlt");
+// }
diff --git a/src/multiboot.zig b/src/multiboot.zig
index cdb38d1..e8fea23 100644
--- a/src/multiboot.zig
+++ b/src/multiboot.zig
@@ -29,16 +29,16 @@ pub const MultibootInfo = packed struct {
     mods_count: u32,
     mods_addr: u32,
 
-    syms: extern union {
+    syms: packed union {
         // present if flags[4]
-        nlist: extern struct {
+        nlist: packed struct {
             tabsize: u32,
             strsize: u32,
             addr: u32,
             _reserved: u32,
         },
         // present if flags[5]
-        shdr: extern struct {
+        shdr: packed struct {
             num: u32,
             size: u32,
             addr: u32,
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ pub const MultibootModule = packed struct {
 };
 
 // Multiboot structure to be read by the bootloader.
-pub const MultibootHeader = packed struct {
+pub const MultibootHeader = extern struct {
     magic: u32, // Must be equal to header magic number.
     flags: u32, // Feature flags.
     checksum: u32, // Above fields plus this one must equal 0 mod 2^32.
diff --git a/src/time.zig b/src/time.zig
index 546bf20..464a66e 100644
--- a/src/time.zig
+++ b/src/time.zig
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-usingnamespace @import("index.zig");
+const kernel = @import("index.zig");
+const x86 = @import("x86");
 
 pub var offset_us: u64 = 0;
 pub var task_slice_remaining: u64 = 0;
@@ -8,14 +9,14 @@ pub fn increment() void {
 
     offset_us += tick; //global time counter
 
-    var should_preempt = task.wakeup_tick(tick);
+    var should_preempt = kernel.task.wakeup_tick(tick);
 
     if (task_slice_remaining != 0) {
         // There is a time slice length
         if (task_slice_remaining <= tick) should_preempt = true;
         if (task_slice_remaining > tick) task_slice_remaining -= tick;
     }
-    if (should_preempt) task.preempt();
+    if (should_preempt) kernel.task.preempt();
 }
 
 pub fn uptime() void {
@@ -23,9 +24,9 @@ pub fn uptime() void {
     const offset_s: u64 = offset_ms / 1000;
     offset_ms = @mod(offset_ms / 100, 10);
 
-    print("{}.{:.3}", .{ offset_s, offset_ms });
+    kernel.vga.print("{}.{:.3}", .{ offset_s, offset_ms });
 }
 
 pub fn utilisation() void {
-    print("{}%", .{100 * (offset_us - task.CPU_idle_time) / offset_us});
+    kernel.vga.print("{}%", .{100 * (offset_us - kernel.task.CPU_idle_time) / offset_us});
 }
diff --git a/src/vga.zig b/src/vga.zig
index 7e17dd0..c80d8f1 100644
--- a/src/vga.zig
+++ b/src/vga.zig
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-usingnamespace @import("index.zig");
-// const time = @import("time.zig");
-// const x86 = @import("arch/x86/index.zig");
-// const std = @import("std");
+const std = @import("std");
+const kernel = @import("index.zig");
+
 // Screen size.
 pub const VGA_WIDTH = 80;
 pub const VGA_HEIGHT = 25;
@@ -42,23 +41,26 @@ pub const VGAEntry = packed struct {
 
 // Enable hardware cursor.
 pub fn enableCursor() void {
-    outb(0x3D4, 0x0A);
-    outb(0x3D5, 0x00);
+    kernel.x86.io.outb(0x3D4, 0x0A);
+    kernel.x86.io.outb(0x3D5, 0x00);
 }
 
 // Disable hardware cursor.
 pub fn disableCursor() void {
-    outb(0x3D4, 0x0A);
-    outb(0x3D5, 1 << 5);
+    kernel.x86.io.outb(0x3D4, 0x0A);
+    kernel.x86.io.outb(0x3D5, 1 << 5);
 }
 
 const Errors = error{};
-pub fn print(comptime format: []const u8, args: var) void {
-    var a = std.fmt.format({}, Errors, printCallback, format, args);
+pub fn print(comptime format: []const u8, args: anytype) void {
+    try std.fmt.format(.{ .writeAll = printCallback }, format, args);
 }
-pub fn println(comptime format: []const u8, args: var) void {
-    var a = print(format ++ "\n", args);
+
+pub fn println(comptime format: []const u8, args: anytype) void {
+    print(format ++ "\n", args);
 }
+
+// const time = @import("time.zig");
 pub fn clear() void {
     vga.clear();
 }
@@ -73,11 +75,11 @@ pub fn topbar() void {
         vga.cursor = 0;
         vga.cursor_enabled = false;
 
-        time.uptime();
+        kernel.time.uptime();
         print(" | ", .{});
-        time.utilisation();
+        kernel.time.utilisation();
         print(" | ", .{});
-        task.format_short();
+        kernel.task.format_short();
         println("", .{});
 
         vga.cursor_enabled = true;
@@ -85,11 +87,11 @@ pub fn topbar() void {
         vga.background = bg;
         vga.foreground = fg;
 
-        task.usleep(50 * 1000) catch unreachable; // 60ms
+        kernel.task.usleep(50 * 1000) catch unreachable; // 60ms
     }
 }
 
-fn printCallback(context: void, string: []const u8) Errors!void {
+fn printCallback(string: []const u8) Errors!void {
     vga.writeString(string);
 }
 
@@ -182,10 +184,10 @@ const VGA = struct {
     // Use the software cursor as the source of truth.
     //
     pub fn updateCursor(self: *const VGA) void {
-        x86.outb(0x3D4, 0x0F);
-        x86.outb(0x3D5, @truncate(u8, self.cursor));
-        x86.outb(0x3D4, 0x0E);
-        x86.outb(0x3D5, @truncate(u8, self.cursor >> 8));
+        kernel.x86.io.outb(0x3D4, 0x0F);
+        kernel.x86.io.outb(0x3D5, @truncate(u8, self.cursor));
+        kernel.x86.io.outb(0x3D4, 0x0E);
+        kernel.x86.io.outb(0x3D5, @truncate(u8, self.cursor >> 8));
     }
 
     ////
@@ -195,11 +197,11 @@ const VGA = struct {
     pub fn fetchCursor(self: *VGA) void {
         var cursor: usize = 0;
 
-        x86.outb(0x3D4, 0x0E);
-        cursor |= usize(x86.inb(0x3D5)) << 8;
+        kernel.x86.io.outb(0x3D4, 0x0E);
+        cursor |= usize(kernel.x86.io.inb(0x3D5)) << 8;
 
-        x86.outb(0x3D4, 0x0F);
-        cursor |= x86.inb(0x3D5);
+        kernel.x86.outb(0x3D4, 0x0F);
+        cursor |= kernel.x86.io.inb(0x3D5);
 
         self.cursor = cursor;
     }
diff --git a/src/vmem.zig b/src/vmem.zig
index 7c88612..c5a30ca 100644
--- a/src/vmem.zig
+++ b/src/vmem.zig
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-pub usingnamespace @import("index.zig");
+const std = @import("std");
+const kernel = @import("kernel");
+const x86 = @import("x86");
+
 pub var allocator: std.mem.Allocator = undefined;
 
 // TODO: make a better memory allocator
@@ -7,7 +10,7 @@ pub var allocator: std.mem.Allocator = undefined;
 //  - no defragmentation
 //  - no allocation bigger than a page
 
-const stack_size: usize = (layout.HEAP_END - layout.HEAP) / x86.PAGE_SIZE;
+const stack_size: usize = (kernel.layout.HEAP_END - kernel.layout.HEAP) / kernel.x86.PAGE_SIZE;
 var stack_index: usize = 0; // Index into the stack.
 var stack: [stack_size]usize = undefined; // Stack of free virtual addresses
 
@@ -32,7 +35,7 @@ fn realloc(
 ) ![]u8 {
     if (old_mem.len == 0) {
         // new allocation
-        assert(new_byte_count < x86.PAGE_SIZE); // this allocator only support 1:1 mapping
+        std.debug.assert(new_byte_count < x86.PAGE_SIZE); // this allocator only support 1:1 mapping
         if (available() == 0) return error.OutOfMemory;
         stack_index -= 1;
         var vaddr: usize = stack[stack_index];
@@ -44,7 +47,7 @@ fn realloc(
         dealloc(@ptrToInt(&old_mem[0]));
         return &[_]u8{};
     }
-    println("vmem: unsupported allocator operation", .{});
+    kernel.vga.println("vmem: unsupported allocator operation", .{});
     x86.hang();
     // return undefined;
 }
@@ -62,7 +65,7 @@ fn shrink(
         return &[_]u8{};
     }
 
-    println("vmem doesn't support shrinking, {}, {}, {}, {}", .{
+    kernel.vga.println("vmem doesn't support shrinking, {}, {}, {}, {}", .{
         old_mem,
         old_alignment,
         new_byte_count,
@@ -77,8 +80,8 @@ pub fn init() void {
         .reallocFn = realloc,
         .shrinkFn = shrink,
     };
-    var addr: usize = layout.HEAP;
-    while (addr < layout.HEAP_END) : (addr += x86.PAGE_SIZE) {
+    var addr: usize = kernel.layout.HEAP;
+    while (addr < kernel.layout.HEAP_END) : (addr += x86.PAGE_SIZE) {
         stack[stack_index] = addr;
         stack_index += 1;
     }